Implications of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" on the U.S. Disability Community

May 31, 2025

Executive Summary

The “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA), recently passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, introduces significant changes to federal programs, notably Medicaid and other safety net services. These changes are poised to have profound effects on individuals with disabilities, potentially undermining their access to essential healthcare, housing, education, and support services.

Key Provisions Affecting the Disability Community

Medicaid Work Requirements and Coverage Reductions
- The OBBBA imposes an 80-hour monthly work requirement for certain Medicaid recipients, with exemptions for individuals with disabilities.
- However, increased administrative burdens and verification processes may inadvertently disenfranchise eligible individuals, including those with disabilities.
- The Congressional Budget Office estimates that these changes could result in 10.3 million people losing Medicaid coverage by 2034.
Cuts to Safety Net Programs
- The legislation includes approximately $1 trillion in cuts to Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), marking the largest reductions in these programs’ histories.
- These cuts could lead to 14 million Americans losing health coverage and 3 million households losing food assistance.
Impact on Housing and Community Services
- Reductions in funding for housing programs may limit access to affordable, accessible housing options for individuals with disabilities.
- Cuts to community-based services could hinder the ability of disabled individuals to live independently and participate fully in society.
Educational Support Reductions
- The downsizing of the Department of Education and reorganization of the Administration for Community Living may weaken support for disabled students, affecting their educational outcomes and future employment opportunities.

Policy Recommendations

To mitigate the adverse effects of the OBBBA on the disability community, the following actions are recommended:

Reevaluate Work Requirements
- Policymakers should consider the potential unintended consequences of work requirements on individuals with disabilities and ensure that exemptions are clearly defined and accessible.
Protect and Strengthen Safety Net Programs
- Maintain adequate funding for Medicaid, SNAP, and housing programs to ensure that individuals with disabilities have access to essential services.
Enhance Oversight and Accountability
- Implement robust monitoring mechanisms to assess the impact of policy changes on the disability community and adjust programs accordingly.
Foster Inclusive Policy Development
- Engage individuals with disabilities and advocacy organizations in the policymaking process to ensure that their perspectives and needs are considered.

Conclusion

The “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” presents significant challenges for the disability community, potentially compromising access to critical services and supports. It is imperative that policymakers carefully consider these impacts and take proactive steps to safeguard the rights and well-being of individuals with disabilities.